Why on earth are the elderly so happy?

Over the years, a number of research studies have reported that, contrary to what might be expected, happiness tends to increase with age. Details of some of these are in our research report, currently available upon request(1). The most recent research findings along these lines are contained in a book by Professor Lewis Wolpert of University College, London, called ‘You’re Looking Very Well’. This contains many fascinating and sometimes personal insights (Wolpert is himself an octagenarian) amongst them the finding that “from the mid-forties, people tend to become ever more cheerful and optimistic, perhaps reaching a maximum in their late seventies or eighties.” One is forced to ask: why? Aren’t our expectations of the ageing process associated with financial problems, health worries, loneliness and the increasingly imminent arrival of the grim reaper? Not to mention the dismal way in which the elderly are treated by many business and organisations.

Reasons not to be cheerful. 1,2,3
Just yesterday morning, our local BBC radio station carried an interview with an elderly lady who had apparently spent much of her weekend lying on a trolley in a hospital corridor, awaiting attention. This confirmed the recent findings of Ann Abraham, the Health Service Ombudswoman, (February 2011) who found serious failings in “even the most basic standards of care” for the elderly in our hospitals. She also noted an “attitude – both personal and institutional – which fails to recognise the humanity and individuality of the people concerned.” This will resonate with the personal experience of many of us. Because the ‘attitude’ detected by Ms. Abraham is not unique to hospitals – it is endemic in most organisations, where employment, procurement, marketing and customer service continue to discriminate against older people. Here are not three, but four examples:

1. Unemployment amongst people aged 50-65 is much higher than it is for people under 50 and continues to increase. The chances of re-employment are low – yet organisations as diverse as McKinsey and the OECD state that a longer working life is essential for individuals and society. But why extend the retirement age when most people will have ‘retired’ involuntarily long before it?


2. In January, the Department of Work and Pensions released research pointing out that 10 million Britons now alive (that’s 17% of us) can expect to live to the age of 100. For many, this will mean relying on an inadequate pension for more than 30 years, with the fear of joining the 2.3 million people aged over 65 who (according to Age UK) already live in poverty.


3. And as longevity is increasing faster than disability-free old age, there is a very good chance that more and more of us will need to move into a care or nursing home. If you live in England, you will have to fund this yourself if you have assets of more than £23,250. As care can easily cost between £800 - £1200 per week, your assets will rapidly go into freefall.

Customer service in many organisations fails to make any allowance for the basic ageing process. As ever, the lack of Godliness is in the details. The bank which asks an 88 year old lady who had been admitted to a nursing home on the point of collapse to ‘just pop into your local branch’ to verify her change of address. The call centres which conspire to confuse, with their impenetrable telephone menus and accents. The confusion pricing strategies of energy and telecoms suppliers. Happy? Elderly people have every reason to be furious!

It’s not simply about age

The answer to the conundrum is to be found in the fact that, as our own research report (1)repeatedly finds, age alone is an unreliable variable in just about any aspect of consumer attitude or behaviour. People do not conform to stereotype and resent being defined or targeted by age. In fact, age accelerates the impact of other variables, which are almost certainly in place long before ‘old age’ becomes a fact. The main variables are these: education, income, occupation, social class and disability. It is safe to assume that their impact is at least as powerful as that of age, although the importance of psychological factors should also be noted.

For while the elderly may be happy on average compared with other age groups, that happiness is almost certainly not evenly distributed within each age band, in the same way that (say) wealth and expenditure are not evenly distributed. So it is not too surprising to find that more extensive and thorough research (2)(as opposed to, say, the facile ad hoc surveys used by Financial Services companies to generate media coverage) finds that happiness is closely associated with wealth: itself directly related to education, income, occupation and social class. For example, the ELS (2) reported that, based on tracking 10,000 people since 2002, ‘more affluent individuals have fewer depressive symptoms, greater life satisfaction, better quality of life and lower levels of loneliness.” It is a sobering but not altogether surprising fact that happiness is as much associated with wealth as it is with old age.

Mark Beasley, 7th April 2011
1. ‘Marketing and Mature Audiences’ is a research report published by rhc advantage, with the input of two University Professors, drawing on more than 200 research sources. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject of marketing and older people in the UK. The full research report is available upon request to appropriate applicants. Further information is at www.rhcadvantage.co.uk/insight
2. The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing is an interdisciplinary data resource on health, economic position and quality of life as people age. ELSA is the first study in the UK to connect the full range of topics necessary to understand the economic, social, psychological and health elements of the ageing process. The aim of ELSA is to explore the unfolding dynamic relationships between health, functioning, social networks and economic position. It is in effect a study of people's quality of life as they age beyond 50 and of the factors associated with it. Further details are at: www.ifs.org.uk/elsa.